UbuntuServer安装anaconda
一、下载Anaconda
Anaconda网站 https://www.anaconda.com/ 下载所需的版本，例如：Anaconda3-2023.09-0-Linux-x86_64.sh。（也可以使用网址路径直接在linux下下载，这里暂不介绍）
二、安装Anaconda
1.将下载的安装包放在Linux系统路径下，并调到此路径下。
2.Linux命令：bash Anaconda3-2023.09-0-Linux-x86_64.sh
3.一直按回车，或按q+yes跳过阅读
（1）默认安装在用户目录下，回车即可安装；
（2）也可自定义安装目录，直接输入安装目录，回车即可安装；
（3）直到出现“Do you wish the installer to initialize Anaconda3 by running conda init ? ”，输入no，回车。
三、配置环境变量（不然会出现conda不识别情况）
（1）输入 echo $PATH查看是否已添加到环境变量中。
如果不存在或者conda不识别，则进行（2）或（3）步骤。
(base) fzx@fzx-System-Product-Name:~$ echo $PATH
/home/fzx/anaconda3/bin:/home/fzx/anaconda3/condabin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sbin:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin（2）永久生效
如果在安装Anaconda的过程中没有将安装路径添加到系统环境变量中，需要在安装后手工添加：
a.在终端输入$sudo gedit /etc/profile，打开profile文件。
sudo gedit /etc/profileb.在文件末尾添加一行：export PATH=/home/username/anaconda3/bin:$PATH，其中，将“/home/username/anaconda3/bin”替换为你实际的安装路径。保存。
export PATH=/home/username/anaconda3/bin:$PATHc.重启Linux。
d.打开终端，输入conda，回车后显示帮助内容即配置成功
ps:也可以在终端中输入echo $PATH查看已有的环境变量，确认输出里是否已有Anaconda路径了。
（3）暂时性生效
将anaconda配置进环境变量。
export PATH=~/anaconda3/bin:$PATH更新bashrc，激活环境变量；
source ~/.bashrc（4）conda创建环境时出现NoWritableEnvsDirError: No writeable envs directories configured：原因是安装后的anaconda文件没有读写权限，解决方法：
sudo chmod 777 -R xxx/anaconda3/(此处为anaconda文件路径)四、在Linux环境下修改Anaconda的默认虚拟环境安装位置
- 一种方法是通过修改用户目录下的.condarc文件，添加或修改envs_dirs选项，指定虚拟环境的存储路径。这种方法可以按照自己的喜好设置多个虚拟环境路径，并且按照顺序搜索和创建虚拟环境。相关命令如下：
(1) 使用命令conda info查看虚拟环境存放地址和其中的安装包的存放地址。Note：排在第一位的就是默认的地址。
package cache : /home/sxw/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/sxw/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs
/home/sxw/.conda/envs(2) 在配置文件.condarc中，修改虚拟环境的默认地址
vim ~/.condarc(3) 添加或修改以下内容：其中/xx/xxx/new_path/new_path/new_path/envs，就是设置的新的默认地址（放在第一位）
package cache : /home/sxw/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/sxw/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs
/home/sxw/.conda/envs（4）提示： 修改文件时，不要用tab键，不然会报错如下。
Ignoring configuration file (/home/sxw/.condarc) due to error:
Unable to load configuration file.
path: /home/sxw/.condarc
reason: invalid yaml at line 1, column 8使用空格键代替tab。
*常用vim命令：i：进入编辑模式；esc+shift+;或者esc：返回普通模式；
以下命令都在普通模式下输入：
:q：退出文件；:q!：放弃修改退出；:wq：保存修改退出；:e!：放弃修改，重新回到文件打开的状态；u:：撤销上一步的操作。*
- 另一种方法是通过在创建虚拟环境时使用–prefix参数，指定虚拟环境的位置。这种方法可以灵活地为每个虚拟环境单独指定位置，但是需要在激活和删除虚拟环境时也使用–prefix参数。相关命令如下：
# 创建一个名为myenv的虚拟环境，并指定其位置为/home/user/myenv
conda create --prefix /home/user/myenv
# 激活该虚拟环境
conda activate /home/user/myenv
# 删除该虚拟环境
conda remove --prefix /home/user/myenv --all五、更换镜像下载源
（此处更换为清华源，也可换为阿里云和中科大）
各系统都可以通过修改用户目录下的.condarc文件来使用 TUNA 镜像源。
Windows 用户无法直接创建名为.condarc的文件，可先执行conda config --set show_channel_urls yes生成该文件之后再修改。
1.vim进入.condarc文件
vim ~/.condarc将下面配置黏贴进去，并检查前面空格为空格而不是tab。
channels: - defaults show_channel_urls: true default_channels: - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/r - https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/msys2 custom_channels: conda-forge: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud msys2: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud bioconda: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud menpo: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud pytorch: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud pytorch-lts: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud simpleitk: https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud
如果是tab的话，.condarc文件内容将多出一行
这将导致后续执行conda clean -i报错
# >>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>>> ERROR REPORT <<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<<
Traceback (most recent call last):
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/exception_handler.py", line 17, in __call__
return func(*args, **kwargs)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/cli/main.py", line 47, in main_subshell
context.__init__(argparse_args=pre_args)
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/base/context.py", line 456, in __init__
self._set_search_path(
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 1428, in _set_search_path
self._set_raw_data(dict(self._load_search_path(self._search_path)))
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 1417, in _load_search_path
yield path, YamlRawParameter.make_raw_parameters_from_file(path)
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 416, in make_raw_parameters_from_file
return cls.make_raw_parameters(filepath, yaml_obj) or EMPTY_MAP
^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 389, in make_raw_parameters
return {
^
File "/home/sxw/anaconda3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/conda/common/configuration.py", line 391, in <dictcomp>
source, key, from_map[key], cls._get_yaml_key_comment(from_map, key)
~~~~~~~~^^^^^
TypeError: string indices must be integers, not 'str'
`$ /home/sxw/anaconda3/bin/conda config --remove-key channels`
environment variables:
CIO_TEST=<not set>
CONDA_ROOT=/home/sxw/anaconda3
CURL_CA_BUNDLE=<not set>
LD_PRELOAD=<not set>
PATH=/home/sxw/anaconda3/bin/:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~
/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyApp/anaconda3/bin:~/MyA
pp/anaconda3/bin:/usr/local/sbin:/usr/local/bin:/usr/sbin:/usr/bin:/sb
in:/bin:/usr/games:/usr/local/games:/snap/bin:/home/anaconda3/bin
REQUESTS_CA_BUNDLE=<not set>
SSL_CERT_FILE=<not set>
active environment : None
user config file : /home/sxw/.condarc
populated config files :
conda version : 23.7.4
conda-build version : 3.26.1
python version : 3.11.5.final.0
virtual packages : __archspec=1=x86_64
__glibc=2.35=0
__linux=5.15.0=0
__unix=0=0
base environment : /home/sxw/anaconda3 (writable)
conda av data dir : /home/sxw/anaconda3/etc/conda
conda av metadata url : None
channel URLs : https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/main/noarch
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/linux-64
https://repo.anaconda.com/pkgs/r/noarch
package cache : /home/sxw/anaconda3/pkgs
/home/sxw/.conda/pkgs
envs directories : /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs
/home/sxw/.conda/envs
platform : linux-64
user-agent : conda/23.7.4 requests/2.31.0 CPython/3.11.5 Linux/5.15.0-86-generic ubuntu/22.04.3 glibc/2.35
UID:GID : 1000:1000
netrc file : None
offline mode : False
An unexpected error has occurred. Conda has prepared the above report.
If you suspect this error is being caused by a malfunctioning plugin,
consider using the --no-plugins option to turn off plugins.
Example: conda --no-plugins install <package>
Alternatively, you can set the CONDA_NO_PLUGINS environment variable on
the command line to run the command without plugins enabled.
Example: CONDA_NO_PLUGINS=true conda install <package>
If submitted, this report will be used by core maintainers to improve
future releases of conda.
Would you like conda to send this report to the core maintainers? [y/N]:
Timeout reached. No report sent.PlanB :也可以使用命令直接增加源 (直接粘贴可能同样报上述错误，请粘贴后检查是否有误)
#添加数据源：例如, 添加清华anaconda镜像：
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/pytorch/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
其他镜像源，推荐使用中科大源
# 中科大镜像源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/main/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/conda-forge/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/msys2/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/bioconda/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/menpo/
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.ustc.edu.cn/anaconda/cloud/
# 阿里镜像源
conda config --add channels https://mirrors.aliyun.com/anaconda/
# 豆瓣的python的源
conda config --add channels http://pypi.douban.com/simple/2.# 拓展：关于conda的数据源，另外有下述操作可做选择
显示目前conda的数据源有哪些
conda config --show channels删除数据源
conda config --remove channels https://mirrors.tuna.tsinghua.edu.cn/anaconda/pkgs/free/回复默认源
conda config --remove-key channels六、创建新环境
一般在~/Anaconda3/envs 路径下新建环境，这样方便管理与区分，也可以跟自己自我喜好自建目录。
先输入conda，进入conda环境
sxw@sxw-server:~/anaconda3$ conda usage: conda [-h] [--no-plugins] [-V] COMMAND ... conda is a tool for managing and deploying applications, environments and packages. options: -h, --help Show this help message and exit. --no-plugins Disable all plugins that are not built into conda. -V, --version Show the conda version number and exit. commands: The following built-in and plugins subcommands are available. COMMAND build Build conda packages from a conda recipe. clean Remove unused packages and caches. compare Compare packages between conda environments. config Modify configuration values in .condarc. content-trust Signing and verification tools for Conda convert Convert pure Python packages to other platforms (a.k.a., subdirs). create Create a new conda environment from a list of specified packages. debug Debug the build or test phases of conda recipes. develop Install a Python package in 'development mode'. Similar to `pip install --editable`. doctor Display a health report for your environment. env See `conda env --help`. index Update package index metadata files. Pending deprecation, use https://github.com/conda/conda-index instead. info Display information about current conda install. init Initialize conda for shell interaction. inspect Tools for inspecting conda packages. install Install a list of packages into a specified conda environment. list List installed packages in a conda environment. metapackage Specialty tool for generating conda metapackage. notices Retrieve latest channel notifications. pack See `conda pack --help`. package Create low-level conda packages. (EXPERIMENTAL) remove (uninstall) Remove a list of packages from a specified conda environment. rename Rename an existing environment. render Expand a conda recipe into a platform-specific recipe. repo See `conda repo --help`. run Run an executable in a conda environment. search Search for packages and display associated information using the MatchSpec format. server See `conda server --help`. skeleton Generate boilerplate conda recipes. token See `conda token --help`. update (upgrade) Update conda packages to the latest compatible version. verify See `conda verify --help`.如果提示 not command，则因为第一次没有把conda写到环境变量中。输入下面命令
export PATH=~/anaconda3/bin:$PATH source ~/.bashrc- 使用指令conda create --name 环境名称 python==3.9创建自己想要创建的环境（环境名称自己命名）。
![2024-01-03T09:12:16.png]( "2024-01-03T09:12:16.png")
- 输入y
![2024-01-03T09:12:26.png]( "2024-01-03T09:12:26.png")
5.输入conda env list 显示虚拟环境列表，可以看到自己刚才创建好的环境以及路径。
sxw@sxw-server:~/anaconda3$ conda env list
# conda environments:
#
base /home/sxw/anaconda3
ComPython39 /home/sxw/anaconda3/envs/ComPython396.source activate pytorch 【切换你的环境名，比如source activate base】,接下来可在当前环境下安装包。
sxw@sxw-server:~/anaconda3$ source activate ComPython39
(ComPython39) sxw@sxw-server:~/anaconda3$